DEPOT MEDROXYPROGESTERONE ACETATE (DMPA) ENHANCES SUSCEPTIBILITY AND INCREASES THE WINDOW OF VULNERABILITY TO HIV-1 IN HUMANIZED MICE

Depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) enhances susceptibility and increases the window of vulnerability to HIV-1 in humanized mice

Abstract The progestin-based hormonal contraceptive Depot Medroxyprogesterone Acetate (DMPA) is widely used in sub-Saharan Africa, where HIV-1 is endemic.Meta-analyses have shown that women using DMPA are 40% more likely than women not using hormonal contraceptives to acquire Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV-1).Therefore understanding how DMPA inc

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Responses of Land-Use Changes to Drought and its Disparate Impact on Livelihoods of Farmers and Herders in the Agro-Pastoral Ecotone of Northwestern China

The agro-pastoral ecotone is an ecologically fragile region where drought is the main factor influencing land use and livelihoods.In this paper, we took two farmer villages and two herder villages in Ar Horqin Banner, located in the agro-pastoral ecotone of northwestern China, as the research areas, and where we conducted participatory rural apprai

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Diurnal variations in the diet of 0 to 3 years old Atlantic salmon Salmo salar L. under semiarctic summer conditions in the Alta River, Northern Norway

The stomach contents of 0 to 3 year old salmon were investigated throughout a single 20 hour period in each of July, here August and September 1981.There was no marked diurnal variation in stomach content of fry, while that of parr indicated nocturnal maxima in all three months.In July and August there was a significant increase from evening to nig

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